Binding of Fas Ligand (FasL) to Fas receptor triggers apoptosis in Fas-bearing cells. FasL has the ability to kill T cells and activated B cells which leads to down-regulation of the immune response.
[2][6] The mechanism of Fas induced apoptosis involves recruitment of pro-caspase 8 through an adaptor molecule called FADD (Fas-Associated protein with death domain) followed by processing of the pro-enzyme to active forms. These active caspases then cleave various cellular substrates leading to the eventual cell death.
[7] FasL is also involved in AGE (advanced glycation end-product)-mediated apoptosis in human retinal ARPE-19 cells, suggesting its role in diabetic retinopathy.
[8] Changes in the activity of FasL suppresses normal apoptosis, leading to abnormal survival and growth of tumor cells.
[9] Mutations in the FasL gene causes autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome.
[10]